语法检测-可省略连词
编辑：pitaya02 日期：2020-12-13
例1: While he was lying on the couch, the boy fell asleep.
“hewas”按照简化原则可以省略；而“while”是连词，表示“在…时”，现在分词有了表格式功能，因此可以省略 while而不影响句意，原句被简化为：
Lying on the
couch, the boy fell asleep.
除了要强调主句谓语和从句谓语之间的时间顺序关系外，一般可省略表时间的从连词，例如：
They all jumped
with joy when they heard the news.
=Hearing the
they all jumped with joy.(动词 heard仍为主动态)
He began to do
his homework when he returned home.
= Returning home
he began to do his homework.(returned动词仍为主动式)
例2: Because we didn't know her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
按照" we"原则可以省略； know是主动态，因此使用现在分词；否定是重要的信息，不能省略； because能否省略还需要验证，原句简化为：
(Because) not
knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
结果表明，这一因果关系并不十分明显，去除也无妨，可以进一步简化为：
Not knowing her
address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
相似的情况：
This article was
not so good because it was written in a hurry.
简单化之后：
Written in a
hurry, this article was not so good.
总而言之，如果主句的逻辑关系不强，或者时间关系不明显，连接词就可以被忽略。
二.连词无法省略的情形
例1：After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
漏掉连词就成：
Thinking it over, please let me know what you decide.
时序关系完全不能体现，因此连词必须保留：
After thinking it over, please let me know what you decide.
例2：Although he
was shot in the knee, he killed three more enemies.
漏掉连词就成：
Shot in the
knee, he killed three more enemies.
妥协关系完全不能体现，因此连词必须保持：
Although shot in
the knee, he killed three more enemies.
总而言之，如果主句的逻辑关系较强，如让步、转向等，或强调先后/同时发生在时间上，不宜省略连词。如果遵循一般原则，是否可以省略连词，则需要具体情况具体分析。
(2)一些较特殊的结构
I.Having done与having been done
很多学习者对所谓“现在分词完成式”颇感困惑，事实上，它的出现有两种情形：1.原句有完成时；2.原句包含着明显的时间顺序关系。having done和 having been done作状语本质上仍是状语从句的简化：
He didn't want to try again because he had failed twice.
在简单化原则下， fail是主动的，应改为 failing，即
Failing twice,
he didn't want to try again.
他失败了两次，不想再试了。尽管基本达意，但与原作中所表达的“已经历过两次失败，他不想再尝试”还有一定差距，因此最好还是保持完成态。而且 had+ done是主动完成态，因此必须将它转换为现在的主动分词形式，即 having+ done：
Having failed
twice, he didn't want to try again.
这就是第一种情况，原句有完成时态。二是“原句包含明显的时间顺序关系”，在这种情况下，原句通常有一个“after”连接：
She went home
after she finished her work.
按照简化原则， finish是主动的，应改为 finishing，即：
Finishing her
work, she went home.
她做完工作回家了。
虽然这一点也很基本，但与原文“她完成了工作才回家”的联系中所表达的意思还是有差距的，应该保留连词 after，改为：
After finishing
her work, she went home.
谈到过去时，我曾经说过“从属连词 after已经强烈地暗示了顺序关系，加或不加 had已经不重要了”，所以这句话就是 She
went home after she (had) finished her work.
在使用完毕后可达到异曲同工的效果：
Having finished
her work, she went home.
Having been done
having been done是 having done的被动结构，其简化方式与 havedone大致相同：
Because they had
been warned, they proceeded carefully.
可简化如下：
After warned,
hey proceeded carefully，或者：
Having been warned,
they proceeded carefully.
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