智能写作-英语写作中常见的错误
编辑:pitaya02 日期:2021-01-06
不一致(Disagreements)
“不一致”不仅指主谓不一致,还包括数的不一致,时态和代词的不一致等。
例:When one have money, he can do what he want to.
分析: one是单数第三人称,所以这个句子的 have应该改成 has;同样地, want应该改成 wants。这个句子的主谓不一致很典型。火龙果智能写作
改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
第二,修饰语不一致(Misplaced Modifiers)
不同于汉语,英语是把同一个修饰语放在不同的位置,句子的意思会产生变化。中国学生经常对这一点重视不够,从而导致不必要的误解。
例:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析: better的位置不正确,应该放在句尾。火龙果智能写作
句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
口头上,交际双方可以借助手势、语气等语境,不完整的句子完全可以理解。但是书面语就不同了,句子结构的不完整会使意思表达不清,这种情况经常发生在主句写完之后,作者想再补充说明的时候。火龙果智能写作
例:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析:这个句子的后半部分" for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on."并不是一个完整的句子,只有几个不连贯的词,不能单独成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers) 火龙果智能写作
“悬垂修饰语”指句首的词组和句后的句子之间的逻辑关系混乱。比如:
my grandfather died.这个句子中的" at the age of ten"仅指十岁时,而不指“谁”十岁时。按照通常的推理, mygrandfather不可能是一个完整的句子,如果我们把它改得更清楚一些,整个句子就不那么复杂了。
改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died. 火龙果智能写作
例:To do well in college, good grades are essential.
解析:句子中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清晰。
改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
5.词汇滥用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
词类误用通常表现为:介词用作动词,形容词用作副词,名词用作动词等等。
例:None can negative the importance of money.
解析: negative是一个形容词,它是一个动词。
改为:None can deny the importance of money. 火龙果智能写作
6.指示不明(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要是指代词与被指代的人或物或事的关系不清,或代词使用顺序不一致。试试下面这个句子:
玛莉·瓦斯弗里德利和我的妹妹非常可爱,她们俩都想当伴娘,所以她们俩都叫玛莉·瓦斯。(玛丽和我妹妹很好,因为她叫她当伴娘)
看了上面这句话,读者无法断定两个女孩谁会嫁人,谁会成为伴娘。对容易引起误解的代词所指的事物,如果能说得清楚,就能说明其含义。这句话可以改为: Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
例:And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
解析:句中人称代词 we与反身代词 yourself的指代不一致。
改为:We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
不间断句(Run-on Sentences) 火龙果智能写作
run-on sentence是什么意思?看看下面的例子吧。
例:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析:这句话有两层完整的含义:" There are many ways."和" We get to know the outside world."不适合简单地将它们联系起来。
改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
8.措词有误(Troubles in Diction)
如何在特定的句子中恰当地选择词语是一个难题,教学时间紧,老师平时在这方面花费的时间往往极为有限,影响了学生在写作中养成良好的推敲、斟酌习惯。它们常常随心所欲,取而代之。因此,作文中有很多用词不当的错误。火龙果智能写作
例子:使用越来越多的农业方面化学物质的情况下, The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.(污染也是由使用越来越多的化学品造成的)。
分析:很明显,考生将 obstacles的“屏障”,“屏障”,错称为 substance的“物质”。" the increasing use (使用增加)"一词应改为" abusive use (滥用)"。
改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
第九,累赘(Redundancy)
言简意赅,言简意赅也很重要。在没有多余的单词的情况下写作,在没有不必要的句子的情况下写作。能够使用词汇的不使用词汇,能够使用词汇的不使用从句或句子。例如:
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 火龙果智能写作
该句的" the fact that he is lazy"系同谓语从句,我们可将上述"能够使用该词组的不需要从句"改为" In spite of his laziness, I like him."
例:For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
分析:整句话可以简化很多。火龙果智能写作
改为:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
10.矛盾(Incoherence)
无条理是指句子前言错误,或结构上不通畅。这种情况在考生中也很常见。
例:The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
解析:逗号之后的 it与“resh water”不一致。在数字上, It和 things不一致。
改为:Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.