语法检测-虚拟语气现实中的虚拟

编辑:pitaya02        日期:2020-12-14

If I were you, I would leave at

once。

要避免的陈述语调是:

状态: I am you;结果: I will leave to once

由于事实上我知道 I am not you,因此可以把 be动词 am转换为虚拟过去式 were,然后把助动词 will转换为虚拟过去式 would。

If I knew how it worked, I could

tell you what to do.

要避免的陈述语调是:

条件:I know how it works;结果:I can tell you what

to do

由于事实是 Idon'thow it works,因此可以把 know改为虚拟过去式 knew,然后把助动词 can改为虚拟过去式 could。

If there were no air, people would

Die。

要避免的陈述语调是:

条件:there is no air;结果:people will die

由于我认为 there is no air不太可能出现在现实中,所以把 is改成虚拟过去式 were,把虚拟结果中的助动词 will改成虚拟过去式 would。

二、"未来"的虚幻

由于表达未来的方式多种多样,因此虚拟未来的情形就更加复杂了。

例子1:

If I could live my life over

again, I would have you as my wife.

要避免的陈述语调是:

条件:I can live my life over again;结果I will have you as my

wife

事实上我知道,情态动词 can基本不可能重来,所以把情态动词 can改为虚拟过去式 could,把助动词 will改为 would。

例子2:

If I should win the lottery, I

would buy a house.

要避免的陈述语调是:

条件:I shall win the lottery;结果I will buy a house

由于我知道很难赢得大奖,所以把情态动词 shall改为虚拟过去式 should,而助动词 will改为 would。

例子3:

If she were here next Monday, I

would tell her about the matter.

这个句子代表的是说话人认为下礼拜一“她”在这里的可能性很小,因此尽量避免使用陈述语气。

状态: she is here next Monday (纯粹将来);结果: I will tell her bout

the matter

现在,可以直接选择虚拟过去式,将 is改为 were。但这种改写方式,使“未来”的意义变得太弱,使不定式能够表达不确定的行为,所以英语经常用 were+不定式来表示未来的虚拟。

If she were to be here next

Monday, I would tell her about the matter.

其他示例:

If I could/were to live my life

over again, I would have you as my wife.

If I should/were to win the

lottery, I would buy a house.

这样的“假未来”虚拟比“现在”虚拟稍微更有可能发生,毕竟,事情还没有完全确定下来(比如彩票还没开)。

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