语法检测-英语语法：你确实会“直接引语和间接引语”
编辑：pitaya02 日期：2020-11-08
一场比赛，一场比赛
日常交际中经常涉及的直接引语和间接引语的用法，现在我们来看一下它们在不同时态和语境中的具体用法和变化。
直引语的含义
“直接引语”(Direct Speech)包括某人准确的话语，口语短语置于引号之间。
“直接引语”能够准确地描述当时发生的事和说的话，不需要改变任何可能使用的时态或代词，只要不要忘记“say”前或后的逗号和引号即可。火龙果智能语法检测
The waiter said, “The food will be ready soon.”
侍者说：“菜很快就好。”
“I will visit America next year,” she said.
我明年要去美国，”她说。
间接引语
间接引语(Indirect Speech)并不像直接引语那样简单，但一旦你了解了句式结构和间接引语的规则，就能轻松地表达，而且这也是一种证明你英语能力的好方法。
不用间接引语，而是在复述已说过的话之前加一个连接词“that”。
The waiter said, “The food will be ready soon.”
侍者说：“菜很快就好。”
The waiter said that the food would be ready soon.
侍者说菜很快就好。火龙果智能语法检测
另外，当使用间接引语时，有时时态必须改变。
普通现在时转化为普通过去时。
She said, “I play football”
“我踢足球”，她说。
She said that she played football.
他说他在踢足球。
当前执行时间转换为过去执行时间。
John said, “he is reading about World War II in school”
John说：“他在学校看有关二战的书。”
John said that he was reading about World War II in school.
John说他在学校看有关二战的书。火龙果智能语法检测
当前完成时间转换为过去完成时间。
I said, “he has started the movie”
“他开始看电影了，”我说。
I said that he had started the movie.
我说过他开始看电影了
当前完成进行时转换为过去完成进行时。
He said, “It has been raining all day”
“下了一天的雨，”他说。
He said that it had been raining all day.
他说整天都在下雨。
普通过去时转换为完成过去时。
Kate said, “I cooked dinner”
Kate说：“我做了晚餐。
Kate said that she had cooked dinner.
Kate说她做了晚餐。
过去发生的事没有改变。
She said, “Jenny was parking the car.”
“珍妮当时正在停车，”她说。
She said that Jenny was parking the car.
他说珍妮当时正在停车。
不变的过去完成时间。火龙果智能语法检测
They said, “we had eaten in that restaurant before”
她们说：“我们以前在那个餐厅吃过饭。”
They said that they had eaten in that restaurant before.
她们说她们以前在那个饭店吃过饭。
以后的版本会更简单一些，只需将" will"改为" would"。
She said, “I will buy food for dinner”
“我要去买正餐的食物，”她说。
She said that she would buy food for dinner.
他说他要买吃的，准备吃饭。
当间接引语中包含情态动词时，还应考虑其形式上的变化。
当使用情态动词时，它们会在一句话中提供附加信息，例如：它们能表达某人的能力、义务、或某事的可能性或许可。
当使用间接引语时，必须将情态动词“can”、“may”和“must”从现在时转换成过去时。但情态动词：“would”，“could”，“should”，“oughttto”和“might”在间接引语中没有变化。
She said, “I can speak five languages.”
“我能讲五种语言，”她说。火龙果智能语法检测
She said that she could speak five languages.
他说他能讲五种语言。
He said, “I may need time off work”
“我可能需要休假，”他说。
He said that he might need time off work.
她说她可能需要休假。
The teenagers said, “We must be home before 10 P.M.”
年轻人说：“我们必须在晚上十点以前到家。”
The teenagers said that they had to be home before 10 P.M.
这些年轻人说，他们必须在十点前回家。
上述例子告诉我们，情态动词" can"变成" could"," may"变成" might"," must"变成" had to"。
间接引语与时间副词
正如上面提到的，使用间接引语的时间必须改变。所以，在使用间接引语的时候，还必须对时间副词进行修改。
可以将 today更改为 yesterday/thatday。
可以将 tomorrow更改为 today/the next day。
可以将 yesterday改为 the previousday/thursday。
可以将 next week/month/year改为 next week/month/year。
last week/month/year可以改为the previous week/month/year。
Tim said, “I am going to the match today”
“我今天要去看比赛，”蒂姆说。
Tim said that he was going to the match that day.
Tim说他那天会去看比赛。火龙果智能语法检测
They said, “we are going to Spain next year”.
她们说：“明年我们要去西班牙。
They said that they were going to Spain in the following year.
她们说明年她们将去西班牙。
在日常交际中，直接引语和间接引语都起着举足轻重的作用，要正确使用它们，需要考虑多种变化。
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