智能语法检查-英语中人名翻译的技巧
编辑：pitaya02 日期：2020-10-07
从小到大，英语考试中经常会出现翻译这类题目，有些人可能觉得这题目没什么，或者非常自信。以下小编就与大家分享一下英语中人名翻译的技巧，希望能对大家有所帮助，来欣赏吧。火龙果智能写作
英文人名的翻译技巧
姓名翻译的第一个建议是，不要看文生音，遇到不熟悉的姓名一定要查读音再翻译。
现在的译者大多对英文拼读规则比较熟悉，因此面对“规范”英文单词，多半能读出个八九不离十。但是，并非所有的词都是“标准的”，特别是那些直接从其它语言“复制”而来的词，以及那些用英文“模拟发音”的词，常常不能根据英文拼读规则直接发音。"拿破仑·波拿巴"中的"波拿巴"是写 Bonaparte，而"波拿巴特"则是写" DeGaulle"，而" DeGaulle"则是写" DeGaulle"。有些名字看上去很熟悉，实际上只是拼写相同，而且在不同的语言里发音也有差异，比如 Louis通常译为 Louis，而法国人的名字应该译为 Louis，因为法语的 Louis发音不同于英语。火龙果语法检查
第二个关于名称翻译的建议是，名称翻译必须遵循惯例。
仔细看就会发现，一些公认的名字的中文翻译与英文原著的翻译有很大的不同，最典型的是国家名称： Deutsch译为“德意志”， France译为“法兰西”， Europe译为“欧罗巴”， American译为“美利坚”。这两个名字虽然都是音译，但当时的中文发音却与现在的普通话不同，而是与今天闽粤某地的方言相似(大致如此，未见特别可靠的详细考证)，由久远流传至今，成为约定俗成的译名。现代译者若要以别出心裁的方式对德国、法国、欧洲、美国等名称进行重译，即使更加“精确”，也会给读者带来不少困惑。虽然没有多少译者这么做，但是无视约定俗成的译名，翻译时“别开天地”的情况还是经常发生。例如， Hume被认为是“休谟”，而有人被认为是“Haum”； Bentham被认为是“Biseham”，而 Fabian被认为是“Fabian”，而有人被认为是“Fabian”； Buick被认为是“Buick”，而有人被认为是“Buick”。所有这些，都常常使读者摸不着头脑——“伟大哲学家胡姆的教条”究竟是什么呢？"美国人购买布依克轿车是爱国的表现"，为什么？火龙果错别字校对
人名翻译的第三个建议是，人名不适合变通。
不像中文人名，外国人名通常会分成几部分，而且也不需要把名字一起念，通常是分开念的。例如，叶利钦的全名叫“鲍里斯·尼古拉耶维奇·叶利钦”，马克思的全名叫“卡尔·马克思”。根据中文习惯，人们更容易记住像“叶利钦”、“马克思”这样的名字。但是英文里，同一个人的称呼可能会改变，有时用“鲍里斯”来称呼叶利钦，有时用“卡尔”来称呼马克思。或许外国的读者更容易记住全名，所以看到“鲍里斯”就知道这是叶利钦，看到“卡尔”就知道这是马克思，但是中文的读者一般都不那么敏捷，有很多人需要仔细思考，甚至翻阅前文才知道，还有一些人根本就不知道。因此，我的建议是，如果原作中的“变换”一词没有特殊意义，那么保持人名在译文中的一致性是很好的选择。另外，可以照着原稿改头换面，但最好以“卡尔(此处称马克思为卡尔，表示亲昵)”等译文告诉读者。此外，许多外国名称都有缩写，例如 Jeffrey (杰弗里)缩写为 Jeff (杰夫), Catherine (凯瑟琳)缩写为 Cathy (凯茜)，重复出现同样会使读者感到迷惑，因此建议翻译时也要遵循上述原则。火龙果错别字校对
第四点建议是，如代词较多，应尽量做到具体化。
在英文中有 he, she, it三个单数代词，它们在读音和拼写上有很大的区别，绝对不会混淆。但是中文的“他”、“她”、“它”不仅形似，发音也完全相同。因此，英文中极其清晰的一句“John might never see Mary’s family member again, nor she his parents”，被翻译成中文后，变成了“Johnmight never might mamily, Mary可能永远不会再见到他的父母”。假如读书人能看懂文字，也许还能仔细分辨意思，假如只凭声音来判断，几乎肯定会满头雾水。在这种情况下，翻译人员应该坚决地将代词具体化，将“他”和“她”准确地归结为所指对象——“约翰也许再也见不到玛丽的家人，而玛丽也许再也见不到约翰的父母”，这样就不存在混淆的可能性。
2020翻译资格考试笔译二级考试题目：《西游记》火龙果错别字校对
过了一会儿，一个仙童从洞里走出来，对猴王说：“师父说有人来，是你吗？”猴子随仙童进洞，见一白发老者端坐于高台上，两旁立著数十名弟子。猴子急忙跪下，连磕了几个头。
“你从哪里来？”猴王回答：“我从花果山来。”叫什么名字吧。”“我没有父亲，也没有母亲。”“莫非你是从树上长出来的？”“从石头里蹦出来的！”仙人笑道：“叫你孙悟空怎么样？”猴王满心欢喜地说。于是悟空开始苦修，念念不忘不灭之法。火龙果错别字校对
爷爷明白自己的心意，也知道悟空聪明过人。有一天，祖师在众人面前装作很生气，在悟空头上连续敲了三次，然后背着手走了，关上门。火龙果错别字校对
所有的徒弟都以为师父生气了，不敢说话。惟有悟空明白：连敲三下就是指三更，关上门暗指叫他从后门进去。因此，那天晚上，他悄悄地从半掩的后门走了进来，跪在师床前等他醒来。火龙果语法检查
A moment later, a boy opened the door, came out and asked: “Master said we have a visitor. Is that you?” Following the boy into the cave, Monkey King saw the master serene, white-haired, white-bearded and seated on a high dais. On his sides were standing tens of disciples. Monkey King hurriedly knelt down and kowtowed continually.火龙果错别字校对
Master asked: “ Where are you from?” “I come from Hua Guo Shan” answered the monkey. “What is your name?” “I have no parents and no name.” “If you have no parents, were you grown on a tree?” “From a rock!”Master laughed and said : “How about I call you Sun Wukong? ” Monkey King accepted it with ecstasy. From then on, Sun worked really hard while thinking about the immortal magic.
Master knew his mind and also his extraordinary intelligence. One day, Master feigned anger and knocked on Sun’s head three times. Then he put his hands behind the back, le山 and closed the door.
While others thought Master was angry Sun knew this was telling him to see Master at three o’clock by going through the back door. So that night he went into Master’s room secretly through the unlocked back door, knelt down at his bed and waited for him to wake up.火龙果错别字校对
过了一会儿，祖师醒了，问：“你在这儿做什么？”悟空答：“白日大师所出的哑谜，我猜是叫我在三更时分到你那里，所以就来了。让大师给我不老法术吧！”祖师很高兴，心想悟空是个聪明的人。所以开始教他永生魔法。悟空大喜，苦练了三年，从未间断。火龙果语法检查
有一天，祖师对他说：“到今天你已经学会了小成，还需要学会怎样躲过三劫。”“哪三劫？”「你虽已学到长生不老之术，但五百年后仍会被天雷击中，若不能躲开，就会死。」
悟空听了这话，吓了一跳。爷爷又道：“五百年后，你们将遭遇天火，并被烧成灰。在未来的五百年里，你会遇到神风，把你吹得骨肉相残。”悟空已经胆战心惊，忙跪下哀求。「求师父给我一道庇护的法门，这恩典，弟子们永远难忘。」祖师一向宠爱他，遂附耳传授口诀。悟空苦练口诀，不日便学到七十二变，还能腾云驾雾，一筋斗十万八千里。火龙果语法检查
Soon，Master woke up and asked: “What are you doing here?” Wukong answered: “I understood your puzzle today as asking me to come at three o’clock through the back door so I came. Please teach me to become immortal!” Master was delighted that Wukong was clever enough to catch his cue so he decided to teach him immortal magic. Wukong was overjoyed and practiced hard for three years continuously.
One day, Master told him: “So far, you have done pretty well but still need to learn how to avoid three doomed disasters.”“What are they?” “Though you have mastered the immortal magic, you will be struck by a heavenly lightning in 500 years and if you can’t avoid it you will be killed.”
At this he was scared. Master continued: “In another five hundred years heavenly fire will burn you into ashes and in another five hundred years a heavenly gale will tear apart your flesh and bones .” Petrified, he dropped to his knees with shudder and begged: “Please teach me how to survive these disasters. I will always remember your kindness.” Being always fond of Wukong Master whispered some spells in his ear. He exercised the spells hard and before long mastered 72 transformations and also flying on clouds. With one somersault he could travel 108,000 li .
从前有一座山，叫做花果山，山上有一块巨大的石头。有一天，巨大的石头爆炸了，从里面跳出来一只猴子。这个猴子的样子和其他猴子没有什么不同，它的眼睛只有金光。石猴子一生下来都在 ft里跑来跑去，和 ft里的鸟兽玩耍。火龙果语法检查
Long long ago, there was a mountain named Hua Guo Shan Mountain of Fruit and Flowers. On the mountain there was a large rock. One fine day, the rock exploded and a monkey jumped out. He looked no different than any other monkey except his blazing eyes. The rock monkey started jumping around and playing with the birds and beasts immediately after he was born.
一年夏天，石猴与其它猴子在瀑布下嬉戏，忽听一只老猴开口说：「谁能跳入水中找到水源，我们就拥他为王。」众猴都同意，但无人敢跳。看到这种情况，石猴大声地说：“我走！”说完，它跳下瀑布。不料瀑布后没有水，只有一块刻有“水帘洞”的石碑。除此之外，还有一座石屋，里面的家具都是用石头做成的，应有尽有。石猴子出去把别的猴子带来。根据约定，猴子们欢呼起来，尊敬他。从此以后，猴王和猴子们在水帘洞里快乐地生活了几百年。
One summer day, when the rock monkey was having fun with other monkeys under a waterfall a senior monkey announced: “ Whoever can dive into the water and find its source, we’ll let him be our king.” Everyone agreed unanimously but nobody dared jump. Seeing this, the rock monkey shouted : “I will.” With these words, he leaped towards the waterfall. Surprisingly, behind the waterfall he found no water but a stone tablet with carved Chinese characters literally saying “Water Curtain Cave”. In addition, there was a stone house equipped with all kinds of stone furniture. He went back and brought in other monkeys. They cheered and according to the agreement made him their king. Thereafter, the king and his followers lived happily in the cave for hundreds of years.火龙果语法检查
有一天，在一次宴会上，猴王感慨万千地说：“我现在虽然每天快活，但将来老了，还是不免要被阎王爷捉住。对啊，”猴子同情地说，“如果你想逃过阎王的关卡，你就必须去寻仙拜师学会永生不死的法术。猴王听了心里很高兴，说：“我这就去寻仙拜师。
用竹竿和竹竿把船搭好，他就出发了。不久他登上岸边，看到几个渔夫，抓住一个，抢了他的衣服。在89年的岁月里，猴王像个大人一样游荡，在学习人类的语言和行为。有一天，他在爬 ft的时候听到有人在唱歌，歌者的声音就像神仙一样轻松。
沿路找到了歌者，他恭敬地问道：“请问你是神仙吗？”那人忙答道：“我不是神仙，但这首歌是神仙教我的。”火龙果语法检查
猴子打听到了神仙住的地方，便往前走到一个洞穴。见洞内大门紧闭，洞口上刻有“三星洞”三大字。由于害怕敲门，他必须耐心等待。
One day, at a banquet, the king said with sadness： “ Though happy now, when I get old I will inevitably be taken away by Yan Wang Ye--Death in Chinese mythology.”“Indeed”， said a monkey sympathetically，“if you want to escape death you must learn from a god some magic which can make you immortal. ” The king thought it was a good idea and joyfully declared, “I will now go to look for a god to be my teacher.”
He had a raft and barge-pole built by the monkeys and set out. Quite soon, he landed and saw several fishermen so he stopped one of them and seized his clothes. The monkey king dressed up as a human being and traveled for about nine years when he learned to talk and act like a man. One day, when he was climbing a mountain he heard a man singing who sounded secure and carefree as if he were a god.
By following the sound of the song he found the singer and asked respectfully: “Excuse me, are you a god?” “No, I am not but a god taught me this song”, answered the man immediately.
He asked about the god’s residence and walked on until he arrived at a cave whose gate was closed. Over the gate were three big characters--San Xing Dong literally meaning Three Star Cave. He dared not knock so he waited patiently.火龙果语法检查
火龙果智能写作是全球第一款中英双语语法检查校对产品，运用火龙果智能写作技术进行错别字文本校对，除错别字校对以外，还可以对语法、标点等进行校对。
火龙果智能写作官网https://www.mypitaya.com
积极拥抱变化，才能更好的应对这个时代