语法检测-英语语法简介
编辑:pitaya02 日期:2020-09-01
本人是高三学生,整理了一部分火龙果写作公开的学习资料,更正了一些拼写错误,也排版了一下。
语法
句子是人类语言的核心构造,动词是句子的核心。所以学习英语语法需从句子开始。
学习语法-->分析句子 分析句子-->理清句子成分 分析句子-->理清句子关系
句子成分
00001. 主语:句子所陈述的对象。
00002. 谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
00003. 宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
00004. 系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。 如 be动词(am, is, are);感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste, feel);保持类系动词(keep, stay, remain);状态变化类系动词(become, get, turn, go)等。
00005. 表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
00006. 定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
00007. 状语: 修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
00008. 补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
句型
句子的基本结构:主语部分+谓语部分(名词+动词)
五种句型
关键在于谓语动词,它构成了一个句子的骨架
主语+系动词+主语补足语(表语)
系动词(Linking Verb)
作用:无具体动作,仅起连接作用
后面所接成分:说明主语特点性质特征
种类:be动词(am, is, are) look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear, become, turn 表语:名词 or 形容词
主语+谓语(+状语)
不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)vi. 特点:主语自身可以完成,不需要作用对象 习惯:带状语(修饰动作的成分)
主语+谓语+宾语
及物动词(Transitive Verb)vt. 作用:说明主语动作的作用对象 宾语:主语动作承受对象
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
双宾动词(Dative Verb) 特点:后面成分有人(间接宾语[接受者])又有物(直接宾语[承受者])
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
宾补动词(Factitive Verb)
区分双宾语和复合宾语
在间接宾语后加上be动词,若能成句,则是补足语。
动词的分类
实义动词(Notional Verb)
词义:完整 作用:能独立充当谓语 分类:助动词和情态动词以外的动词
助动词(Auxiliary Verb)
词义:不完整 作用:无法独立充当谓语 必须和实义动词连用,构成各种时态、语态、语气、否定、疑问 分类: Be: am, is, are, was, were, been, being Do: does, did Have: has, had, having
Be类
变化形式:am, is, are, was, were, been, being 功能: 1,帮助构成进行时态 I am studying grammar. He is playing football. 2,帮助构成被动语态 I was cheated.
Do类
变化形式:Does, did 功能: 1,帮助实义动词构成否定 I do not like English. 2,帮助实义动词构成疑问 Do you like English?
Have类
变化形式:Has, had, having 功能: 1,帮助构成完成时态 I have studied English for 3 years.
be, do, have可作实义动词又可作助动词
情态动词(Modal Verb)
词义:有词义,表示说话者对某种行为或状态的看法或态度 表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力、怀疑 作用:无法独立充当谓语,必须和实义动词一起构成复合谓语 常见: can/could/may/might/must/shall/should/will/would/have to/ought to/used to/need/dare
句子的变化
陈述句否定
谓语动词含有助动词或情态动词
变形:助动词或情态动词后+not 例:He is a teacher. He is not a teacher. I can swim. I cannot swim. He will come to the party. he will not come to the party
谓语动词是实义动词
变形:借助助动词do not来构成,第三人称用does+not+动词原形,过去式did+not 例:I like English. I do not like English. He likes English. He does not like English. There are some dogs. There aren't any dogs.
助动词否定的缩写
情态动词否定的缩写
其他词变化:and->or;already->yet;both->either;some->any
祈使句:祈使句前+don't 例:Don't open the door.
不定式:不定式前+not 例:She asks the boy not to play in the street.
一般疑问句
谓语动词含有助动词或情态动词
变形:助动词 or 情态动词移至句首 例:He is a teacher. Is he a teacher? Yes, he is./No, he isn't.
谓语动词是实义动词
变形:加do does did于句首,实义动词变原形 例:He likes English. Does he like English? Yes, he does/No, he doesn't. I like English. Do you like English? Yes, I do/No, I don't.
特殊疑问句
不接名词连用的疑问句
对人提问:who He can sing in English. Who can sing in English. I saw him at the party last night. Who did you see at the party last night?
对事或物:what I like English. What do you like? I am studying English grammar. What are you doing? I am studying English grammar. What are you studying? I'd like to go swimming tomorrow. What would you like to do tomorrow?
对时间提问:when I was born in 1980. When were you born?
对地点提问:where He lives in Beijing. Where does he live?
对方式提问:how He goes to school by bus. How does he go to school?
对原因提问:why I often study at the library because it's quiet. Why do you often study at the library?
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